The Reasoning Behind The Population Essay - 1667 Words

The reasoning behind the population is that researching the entire United States is a huge feat and one that is not necessarily needed. Having an exploratory study for just Midwestern states is a good starting point, but is also broad enough to be generalizable. For the sample of State Patrol K9 Units, this is probably one of the best ways to study broader K9 unit forces. Some states have specific regulations for what dogs can be on their force, so only one state being studied would be ineffective. Having only the state patrol lessens the bias and we are more able to compare it to other similar state structures. Having a larger sample size ensures accuracy and will allow us to have more states involved since some states have more units than others, so the states with less will have a better chance of being represented. Systematic Sampling is the best method since this population is fairly accessible and extremely publicized, non-probability sampling is not needed. Randomization will ensure that the dogs and departments are not chosen based on bias. Lists are easily obtained and police dogs tend to be showcased so information gathering should not be an issue. Participants would be recruited via email and phone for surveys. Also, department heads would be contacted in order to reach the officers/handlers. A potential problem consists of getting participants to find time in their schedule. Police work is 24/7 so these people would need to take time out of their schedule to helpShow MoreRelatedThe Core Concepts Behind Reasoning924 Words   |  4 PagesThis assignment is about identifying the core concepts behind reasoning given by individuals, facing opposition by a party that has challenged their right/way of life/moral obligations and so on and so forth. This is to look at the matter from an ethical viewpoint where environmental preservation is involved. To identify the nature of reasoning and categorize it under a sub banner. To psychologically analyze what peo ple hold certain types of beliefs in which they feel it’s alright to carry on whatRead MoreThe Conflict Between The Old World And The New World1299 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of injustices toward Native Americans, and the reasoning behind the Mexican American War. Pizarro’s conquest of the Incan empire is illustrative of the nature of colonialism at the very beginning of the discovery of the New World by European explorers. The rapid colonization of the Americas was far from subtle; the Spanish conquistador method of colonialism is rooted in direct conquest through violence and war. The primary motivation behind colonization for the Old World can be summed up in threeRead More‚Äà ºEvaluate the Strengths and Weaknesses of Reason as a Way of Knowing?‚Äà ¹1416 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Reasoning is the thinking that is coherent and logical.† As the dictionary definition very clearly and correctly states, reasoning is certain thinking or a conclusion drawn from a logical fact. Hence, the reasoning of a certain thing, which is a conclusion drawn from an existing fact or the happening of an event, is trusted more than the conclusion which is drawn due the development of one’s emotions. Consequently, when a person would say to another, â€Å"You’re being emotional†, it is considered asRead MoreAnalysis Of Our Fear Of Immigrants By Adam Smith801 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological reasoning, genetic cognitive, and social status. Although Smith provides plenty logic behind the behavior of citizens, there should also be the point of view behind the immigrants themselves. Smith’s article â€Å"Our Fear of Immigrants† starts by offering reasoning for why people do fear immigrants, and seems to suggest that sparse feelings for competent and emotional warmth are universal. He also gives psychological reasoning explaining that when new comers arrive within a stable population theRead MoreArticle Analysis Of GM Farms796 Words   |  4 PagesThe main Idea that is presented in this article is: Due to the predicted population (9 billion in 2050), and the fact that billions of people are already starving to death, countries such as Great Britain need to begin focusing on GM crops to provide food for everyone. In my opinion, the purpose of the text is to show a political and economic stand point of a country’s status in regard to the population, and food scarcity. This article is published by The Guardian, a British daily newspaper thatRead MoreEfforts to Fight Cyber Bullying1182 Words   |  5 PagesMice in the bubonic plague cause the e xtinction of vast populations, the mouse now has a new definition and it has connected human being in ways that we still can not being to understand. At the same time the modern day mouse also has been use applied in ways that mimic its treacherous definitional predecessors. The click of a mouse has cause youthful individuals to commit suicide and live lifestyles that are indulged in depression. Cyber bullying is a fairly new type of violence and this is whyRead MoreMark Bittman Held A Lecture Titled â€Å"What’S Wrong With What1636 Words   |  7 Pageshealth, and the environment. Throughout his lecture he gave his point of view on the listed topics. For example, at the start of his lecture he presented a picture of a cow and said that the cow is this years nuclear explosion. The explanation he gave behind it is that â€Å"only once before has the fate of individual people and the fate of all of humanity been so intertwined†. After Bittman gave his explanation he st ated that â€Å"After energy production, livestock is the second highest contributor to atmosphereRead MoreAn Article On Real Life Situation Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesrelate to one another In contrast, this questions the existence of gender defined minds. It states that in some contexts we do â€Å"feminine† things, in others â€Å"masculine† These social scientists began from the same basic foundations (the American population), and yet viewed, analysed and presented them in different ways. With such a difference in the interpretation, and considering how big an influence the social scientists have, To what extent can we be certain about generalizations in the humanRead MoreDifferences Between Religions And Religions1642 Words   |  7 PagesIslam, the populations of the denominations would be assumed to be evenly spread amongst the four, but that is not the case. Vaishnavites occupy a large portion of followers with an astounding 70%, followed by Shivaites with 26%, and the other two (Shaktites and Smartites) combining to form the remaining 4%. This highly skewed information is in complete opposition to Christianity, of which has multiple sects which are further sorts into sub-sects and are move evenly spread. The reasoning behind the skewedRead MoreThe Allegory of The Cave, by Plato Essay856 Words   |  4 PagesPlato’s logical strategy in the allegory of the cave is of deductive reasoning. Plato uses a cave containing people bound by chains which constrict their neck and legs in such a way that they are unable to turn around and there is a fire roaring behind them c asting shadows on the wall. Since the prisoners cannot turn their heads to see what is casting the shadow the only thing they can perceive are the shadows and the sounds that seem to becoming from them. This is what Plato argues in the allegory

Us Vs Japans Education Essay examples - 1871 Words

Us Vs Japans Education Education is the foundation of a strong and productive individual as well as being the foundation for a strong and productive country. Any country that keeps its people uneducated or does not help to educate them cannot hold them entirely responsible for their actions that result from their lack of education. The United States and Japan both feel very strongly about education and that they need to have well educated people. Both of these countries have educational systems that are similar in some ways and yet very different in other ways. Both the similarities and the differences of these two systems give light to how each of these countries go about educating its people and how much each of these countries†¦show more content†¦In 1903 the government instated the national textbook system which compiled all pre-collegiate textbooks. The history books made during this period were super nationalistic and described the imperial family as direct descendants of God. During the pre -war education period, the curriculums showed how nationalistic one countrys schools could become. In addition, the fact that during the pre-war period elementary school (grades 1-6) was the only compulsory and free schooling in Japan. This shows that at the time school was not there for the purpose of enlightenment, but for creating machines. The curriculum for elementary school consisted of citizenship (morals, Japanese language, Japanese history and geography), science (science and arithmetic), physical training (physical education and the martial sports of Judo and Kendo) and the arts (drawing, calligraphy and handicrafts). During the higher levels of elementary school, domestic science was added for girls. After a child goes through this level of education, it was very difficult to move on in school, especially for girls because they were rarely let into male middle schools. Another thing that hindered children making it further in school was that it was no longer free at the m iddle school level. In fact, only about ten percent of the males that graduated elementary school made it into middle school (grades 7-11) and only eight percent of girls went on. Most of those that did not pass the exam to getShow MoreRelatedAssess to the Extend That Foreign Policies of Usa and Britain Forced Japan to Bomb Pearl Harb1827 Words   |  8 Pagesforeign policies in the Paciï ¬ c (1937-41) forced Japan to bomb Pearl Harbor in December 1941 At 7.55am on Sunday, the 7th of December 1941; â€Å"a day that will live in infamy† 1, the ï ¬ rst of two waves of Japanese aircraft launched their fatal attack on the US Paciï ¬ c Fleet, anchored at Pearl Harbor on the Paciï ¬ c island of Oahu. It is difï ¬ cult to place blame for this event on one factor, however it is often asserted that the foreign policies of Allies United States and Britain forced Japan into assailing.Read MoreThe Social, Cultural, And Entertainment News1349 Words   |  6 Pagesand Homicide: Life on the Street (DMarie Direct Inc.). The year I was born was an exciting year for sports, the Green Bay Packers won 35-21 against the New England Patriots. Also Nebraska and Michigan were the NCAA Football Champions (Pearson Education). A misunderstanding occurred between UC Santa Barbara players and their coach, Jerry Pimm. All of the players voted that their couch should resign, but the vote in turn was a play to get Pimm to talk with them (Gauchos Mutiny Against Pimm.).Read MoreBrief Political History : Japan1368 Words   |  6 Pagesexported. Agriculture and transportation are the highly developed industries in Japan. Japan’s main agricultural product is rice and most rice eaten in Japan is home grown. Shinkansen, or bullet trains ,are express trains that travels at top speed of 250 to300 km per hour. 3. DEMOGRAPHIC, GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY: The demographic features of the population of Japan include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspectsRead MoreThe Culture Of The Word Culture1748 Words   |  7 Pageslarger nations, such as the United States (US), China, Japan, and South Korea. However, its most significant military history that impacted the Okinawan people and their culture was the Battle of Okinawa and their target for atomic bombings during World War II. This battle was considered not only significantly important to Okinawa, but to the outcome of the war itself. The US was able to utilize this island’s location to combat their enemies, however, Japan’s political and economic control over OkinawaRead MoreThe Law Enforcement Of Japan2852 Words   |  12 Pagesthe following: provide an analysis of the history, structure and organization of the Japanese system, the education and training requirements, issues being encountered regarding law enforcement, and the Japanese system that is being used curren tly. History of Law Enforcement in Japan The Japanese law enforcement system became to be one of the most idolized police systems used today. Japan’s unique modern police system commenced in 1874, and it received numerous advancements and corrections to developRead MoreCostco Essay2450 Words   |  10 PagesCostco: the Culture fit in Japan CONTENT 1 Introduction 1 2 Costco’s Human Resources Policies and Practices in United States 1 2.1 Recruitment 1 2.2 Compensation and Benefits 2 2.3 Career development 3 3 Culture differences between US and Japan 3 4 Costco’s human resource policies and practices in Japan 6 4.1 Costco in Japan 6 4.2 Costco’s human resource policies and practices in Japan 7 4.2.1 Recruitment 7 4.2.1.1 Student Program 7 4.2.1.2 Job Posting System 8 Read MoreInternational Relations: Japan’s Engagement with China, 1990-20103146 Words   |  13 Pagesis more likely for the initiating state in order to add to the multilateral nature of the region, but also because of the lack of potential allies for a balancing or containment approach. The Case: Japan’s Policy toward China, 1990s-2000s The case I will use to test all these hypotheses on is Japan’s engagement policy toward China in the 1990s and 2000s. The reason for the limited timeframe is because before 1990, Japan had to consider an important third party, the USSR, in its relation with ChinaRead MoreBrief Political History : Japan1798 Words   |  8 Pagesand exported. Agriculture and transportation are the highly developed industries in Japan. Japan’s main agricultural product is rice and most rice eaten in Japan is home grown. Shinkansen, or bullet trains ,are express trains that travels at top speed of 250 to300 km per hour. 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However, its most significant military history that impacted the Okinawan people and their culture was the Battle of Okinawa and their target for atomic bombings during World War II. This battle was considered not only significantly important to Okinawa, but to the outcome of the war itself. The US was able to utilize this island’s location to combat their enemies, however, Japanà ¢â‚¬â„¢s political and economic control over Okinawa

Dna Extraction from Kiwi free essay sample

For this lab we are asked to obtain the DNA of kiwi. I think we are doing this to get a picture of how scientists observe certain aspects of organisms by extracting DNA. For example, scientists can identity genetic disorders and perhaps even find cures by experimenting with the DNA. I also think that the purpose of this experiment is to have a better picture of the appearance of DNA in comparison to the pictures we see in our textbooks. Deoxyribonucleic acid which is usually abbreviated as DNA is a molecule that is found in any living cell of an organism. DNA has instructions for the cell. This molecule exists inside of the nucleus in a cell. The DNA molecule consists of four nitrogen bases called, adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. The nitrogen bases lead to the formation of the rungs of the DNA ladder. DNA plays a key role in the formation, growth, and reproduction in any organism and cells. The picture below will illustrate the appearance of DNA: In addition to everything, doing this DNA kiwi extraction shows how simple it may be to extract DNA from a living organism which is very essential because DNA gives important information about a certain living organism. The investigation question for this lab is: How to obtain the DNA of kiwi and how it works? Hypothesis If I mash the kiwi fruit so that the surface area is big and some cells may break and add another mixture to the kiwi mash then I’ll get the DNA because there are particular chemicals that may break or dissolve certain parts of the cells and leave a cluster of DNA or perhaps the chromosomes which contain the DNA. Variables Independent: there aren’t any. Dependent: there aren’t any. Controlled: source of DNA-the kiwi, Materials Half a kiwi fruit * Knife or your hands (to mush the kiwi and peel it) * 2. 5g soap * 1g salt * 50ml ice cold alcohol * 50ml water * Kettle * Coffee filter * 2 beakers (1 should be big so that the other fit in it) * Measuring cylinder Procedure Follow the following steps in order to obtain the DNA of kiwi: 1. Peel the skin of the kiwi with a knife because the skin is partly dead and doesn’t contain much DNA. 2. Chop the kiwi into 4 pieces. 3. Place the pieces of kiwi in a beaker and mash it as much as possible. The purpose of doing this is to provide a large surface area and break some cells obviously to extract the DNA. 4. Take another beaker and mix the washing liquid, salt, and water together in anticipation of the salt to dissolve. Avoid getting bubbles in this mixture. 5. When the salt has dissolved in the mixture, pour it in the kiwi mash, and start mashing again. The more you mash, the better it is because you’ll get more DNA. 6. Boil water and half-fill a large beaker with the boiled water at 60 degrees Centigrade. . Place the beaker of the kiwi mash and the other mixture gently in the boiled water in the big beaker. 8. Leave the beaker there for about 15 minutes. 9. Take out the kiwi mixture beaker and filter the mixture through a coffee filter into another beaker. 10. The final step is to pour gently the ice cold alcohol down the side of the beaker. Since the alcohol is less dense, it’ll float on top of the kiwi mixture. A white jelly-like substance will form which i s a cluster of DNA from the kiwi fruit. Result During our experiment, we have achieved the purpose of the experiment and obtained the DNA of the kiwi. I will be discussing how everything works in the discussion below. Discussion/Conclusion My hypothesis is partly true and partly in accurate as well which was: â€Å"If I mash the kiwi fruit so that the surface area is big and some cells may break and add another mixture to the kiwi mash then I’ll get the DNA because there are particular chemicals that may break or dissolve certain parts of the cells and leave a cluster of DNA or perhaps the chromosomes which contain the DNA†. My hypothesis is partly true because it’s actually true that you mash the kiwi fruit and mix other substances to it. However, it’s also inaccurate because I don’t really state what those other substances could possibly be and I also don’t mention anything about heating the mixture which is a very important step that breaks the cell walls. And without breaking the cell wall, the washing up liquid wouldn’t be able to dissolve the cell membranes. As a result, the lab would have been a failure without that step which is why I believe my hypothesis is not accurate. Answer to hypothesis question: how to obtain the DNA of kiwi and how it works? The purpose of this science lab was to obtain the DNA of the kiwi fruit. However, what actually happens to the kiwi mash when we add other substances to it is very interesting. The purpose of using soap was to destroy the cell’s membranes where the soap easily dissolved the membranes. But the washing liquid can’t dissolve the cell membranes if the cell wall guards the cell, which is why heated up the mash so the cell wall would break. Salt on the other hand was used to remove proteins and carbohydrates where the salt precipitated it. The salt also creates a cluster of DNA to be attached together. The last step is to add the ice cold alcohol which coagulates in order to create a jelly-like substance which we picked up with a pipette. And since the alcohol is less dense the alcohol will form a see-through layer on top of the kiwi mash. The alcohol will form a transparent layer on top of the kiwi mixture, as the alcohol is less dense. Results I believe that I can trust my results because I obtained the DNA of kiwi which was the goal of the experiment. What actually happens to the cell during the procedure? Cells are made up of cell walls (brown), cell membranes (blue), proteins (green), and nucleus which have the DNA (black). The high temperature breaks the cell wall as you can see in the image to the right. This allows the washing up liquid to dissolve the cell membranes. As you can see in the image to the left, the washing up liquid has dissolved the cell membranes. The salt makes the DNA stick together as one cluster. And finally when the alcohol is added, a jelly-like substance is formed which contains the DNA. Possible Improvements I think that there aren’t numerous improvements regarding these types of labs where you have only one goal and you achieve it. For example, we could have been more accurate when it comes to measuring the materials using a measuring cylinder. We could have also been more accurate in keeping the temperature constant when heating the kiwi mash mixture.

Horror and suspense

Horror and suspense-filled movies, books, and stor Essay poeies are Americas favorite form of entertainment. One of the most famous American writers is Edgar Allen Poe who wrote the two famous stories The Tell- Tale Heart and The Black Cat. In the The Tell- Tale Heart and The Black Cat narrative and imagery is used to express the main characters eerie sense of evil. Both stories lack moral sentiment yet describe conscience. They also make one tremble with fear and think with suspense. The Tell- Tale Heart is about a crazy man who was insanely convinced that an old sick man had an evil eye. Poe begins the story, True I am Nervous- Very Nervous. This tells the reader that the story is written in the first person. The crazy man is nervous because he killed the sick old man. He did not just kill him, but he buried him in the floor of the old mans room. This was ironic because the crazy man was the old mans caretaker. Also, he was not supposed to kill him, his job was to take care of him. The police were called to go to the house because of the loud noises. The crazy man finally confessed to the police when they were about to leave. He said that he heard the beating of the old mans heart. It was really his conscience because the old man was dead. Although Poe wrote this story in a horrifying manner he shows how the incredible evil in the narrator is matched by his torturing conscience. Poe refers to this as perversity. The murder is content with his crime, but then wants to reveal it due to his annoying conscience. Poe writes with extreme detail, so having the main character tell the story is helpful. In Tell- Tale Heart the crazy man is the narrator. He discusses his obsession to kill the old man and later describes his conscience eating away at him. As the main character tells the story it becomes easier for us, the readers, to sense the emotions and the feelings he is trying to portray. The narrator explains, For a whole hour I did not move a muscle, an din the meantime I did not hear him lie down. This statement is an example of how it is effective to have a narrator in the story containing strong detail. Here we can feel a strong sense of tension and see a motionless quiet setting. Also the narrator improves the contact with the readers because it is as though he is telling the story directly to them. Poe uses vivid imagery in his writing. The crazy man argues, One of his eyes resembles that of a vulture- a pale blue eye with film over it. This creates a picture for the reader. He is explaining the old mans eye so the audience can picture it. He is also showing his insane mind and troubled imagination. Another line, which shows imagery, is A watchs minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Here the narrator is describing his slow, cautious movements by comparison. He is saying how he slowly opened the door, and is comparing his movement to that of a minute hand on a watch. This again helps create a picture for the reader. Through the story the narrator describes his motions, feelings and what he sees. This use of several images makes the story suspenseful and interesting. The crazy mans, or the narrators point of view is expressed. This is advantageous because, as the reader, a person knows everything that the character is feeling. This is also bad because the reader only sees one characters opinion and no one elses. The crazy man makes the old man seem evil. The old mans point of view however is not seen. .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 , .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 .postImageUrl , .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 , .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464:hover , .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464:visited , .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464:active { border:0!important; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464:active , .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464 .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6b4553093a0ee52cd7463536e36ac464:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Cold War EssayThe Black Cat is a story about a man with many pets. The man epically adored his black cat. He became an alcoholic and one night when he was drunk he cut the cats eye out. This caused the cat to become afraid of the man. After a while, the cats eye socket healed. Then one day the man killed the cat by hanging it from a tree. At first this hardly affected the mans conscience. The man went to a bar one day and fell in love with a cat. The cat then followed him home. After a while, the mans wife loved the cat and the man grew to hate it. One day the man got so mad at the cat he tried to kill it, but the wife stopped him. This got the man infuriated and he ki lled his wife. He hid the body in the walls of the cellar. Policemen came to question the man. When they were in the cellar the man had a cane in his hand, which he used to hit the wall with his wifes body in it. A cry from within was heard. The policemen dug through it and found the cat sitting on the dead body. The man had inadvertently buried the cat in the wall. Again in this story, as in Tell- Tale Heart, the murder commits his crime and then reveals it to the police. This is a pattern found in Poes works and is known as perversity. This story is written in first person narrative. This allows the story to have a greater effect on the reader. Basically, there is only one main character in the story and he is the narrator. This is advantageous because there is only one point of view to be heard, aside from his wife who does not play a big role and the cat that cannot speak. The narrator begins the story as if he were speaking directly to the audience. He says, I do not expect you to believe the wild story I am about to tell. This helps the readers to get right into the story with the main character. The narrator also describes his own characteristics, which gives the reader a better outlook and understanding of the character. Imagery is used by Poe to create a clear suspenseful picture for the audience. The man says, Some evil drunken spirit flamed in my heart. This statement is filled with descriptive words to express how the narrator is feeling. He had just returned home drunk and violently went after his favorite cat. The narrator is extremely descriptive. For example, he explains in detail the cellar of his house and the way he killed and buried his wife there. Throughout the story it is obvious that the man lacks morals, and his conscience is practially invisible. He states, The guilt of my dark deed bothered me very little. This shows that he was truly crazy because he preformed devilish acts and did not even feel remorse. Again, Poes use of words shows the readers that the man felt this way. Also, after the man puts his wife in the wall he continues to search for the cat which he has every intention of killing. His conscience does not bother him. Both of these stories were written by Poe to create fear and surprise for their readers, and they certainly did. That is a reason why Poe is still an important literary figure today. Fyodor Dostoevski, a critic, says it is best when he says it best when he says that Poe is a strange, though enormously talented writer (301). He makes one tremble and one think. Poes imagination separates him from every other writer. He is extremely detailed when Bibliography:

Crime Detection Essays (809 words) - Forensic Evidence, Evidence Law

Crime Detection In recent times, science has provided substantial aid to crime detection. Because anything in the physical universe has the potential of becoming an item of evidence in an investigation, a wide variety of procedures may be used in analyzing and interpreting evidence in a criminal case. These procedures include handwriting analysis, forensic photography, crime scene documentation, metallurgical investigations, chain of custody, entomology, and blood spatters. The first thing you do after securing a crime scene is document it. Always take pictures. They are the best records available. They show the crime scene as it was found; where objects are in relation to other objects, victims, rooms, etc. Take notes. Describe the scene, it's over all conditions. Describe rooms, lights, shades, locks, food; anything that can indicate a time frame, condition of scene or that might have even the slightest evidentiary significance. Check dates on mail and newspapers. Diagram the crime scene. Take measurements. Photos are good to show where an object is in relation to another object, but measurements tell exactly how far. True handwriting analysis involves painstaking examination of the design, shape and structure of handwriting to determine authorship of a given handwriting sample. The basic principle underlying handwriting analysis is that no two people write the exact same thing the exact same way. Every person develops unique peculiarities and characteristics in their handwriting. Handwriting analysis looks at letter formations, connecting strokes between the letters, upstrokes, retraces, down strokes, spacing, baseline, curves, size, distortions, hesitations and a number of other characteristics of handwriting. By examining these details and variations in a questioned sample and comparing them to a sample of known authorship, a determination can be made as the whether or not the authorship is genuine. Another is, Metallurgical Investigations--examinations make it possible to identify the source of an item?whether made of metal, plastic, ceramic, or other material?found at a crime scene, and further, to determine if two similar items were fractured from each other, the nature of the force causing the fracture, the direction from which the force came, and the time when the fragments became separated. Such identification helps trace the evidence to its owner. The metallurgist can also restore obliterated or altered numbers on objects of any material. Mineralogical Investigations is the science of mineralogy is also used in crime detection. The mineralogist studies soil, plaster, cement, brick, concrete, and glass for any evidence. Mineral analyses have shown that differences may be detected in soil composition. Soil and dust found on a suspect's clothing and determined to be comparable to that at the crime scene help to prove the person's presence in that locality. Toxicology may be defined as the science of poisons special methods of analytical chemistry have been developed for use in toxicological examinations. The specimens ordinarily examined in cases of suspected poisoning are tissue samples from vital organs, blood or urine, food, drink, and the suspected poison itself. Firearms are identified through microscopic imperfections that are produced inadvertently in gun barrels during manufacture. Subsequent use and wear contribute further to a weapon's individuality. Chain of Custody is of paramount importance to any investigation. It is the unbroken sequence of events that is caused by an item of evidence from the time it is found at the crime scene to the time it appears in court. Every link in this chain is documented, from discovery at the crime scene, through evidence gathering, storage, and lab analysis return to storage, and transfer to court. Every link is documented by date, time, and handling individual, what was done with the evidence by that individual. If chain of custody is broken, if the evidence cannot be accounted in one step of its journey from crime scene to courtroom, it is rendered inadmissible; useless to the case. Blood spatters help a great deal in reconstructing a crime scene. They can be used to corroborate or disprove and alibi. They can be used to convict the guilty. There is much more to it than looking at a stain or spatter and saying, "This is where the crime took place." The patterns of the spatters and the shapes of the individual blood droplets themselves can tell how the crime was committed. Drops falling from different heights (i.e. at different speeds) will leave different looking spatters. A drop falling from a low height of a few inches will leave a small cohesive circle. At greater heights, the circle will be larger and may even have a 'crown' effect. Hitting a surface at an angle does even more to disrupt a blood droplet. Perpendicular impact Crime Detection Essays (809 words) - Forensic Evidence, Evidence Law Crime Detection In recent times, science has provided substantial aid to crime detection. Because anything in the physical universe has the potential of becoming an item of evidence in an investigation, a wide variety of procedures may be used in analyzing and interpreting evidence in a criminal case. These procedures include handwriting analysis, forensic photography, crime scene documentation, metallurgical investigations, chain of custody, entomology, and blood spatters. The first thing you do after securing a crime scene is document it. Always take pictures. They are the best records available. They show the crime scene as it was found; where objects are in relation to other objects, victims, rooms, etc. Take notes. Describe the scene, it's over all conditions. Describe rooms, lights, shades, locks, food; anything that can indicate a time frame, condition of scene or that might have even the slightest evidentiary significance. Check dates on mail and newspapers. Diagram the crime scene. Take measurements. Photos are good to show where an object is in relation to another object, but measurements tell exactly how far. True handwriting analysis involves painstaking examination of the design, shape and structure of handwriting to determine authorship of a given handwriting sample. The basic principle underlying handwriting analysis is that no two people write the exact same thing the exact same way. Every person develops unique peculiarities and characteristics in their handwriting. Handwriting analysis looks at letter formations, connecting strokes between the letters, upstrokes, retraces, down strokes, spacing, baseline, curves, size, distortions, hesitations and a number of other characteristics of handwriting. By examining these details and variations in a questioned sample and comparing them to a sample of known authorship, a determination can be made as the whether or not the authorship is genuine. Another is, Metallurgical Investigations--examinations make it possible to identify the source of an item?whether made of metal, plastic, ceramic, or other material?found at a crime scene, and further, to determine if two similar items were fractured from each other, the nature of the force causing the fracture, the direction from which the force came, and the time when the fragments became separated. Such identification helps trace the evidence to its owner. The metallurgist can also restore obliterated or altered numbers on objects of any material. Mineralogical Investigations is the science of mineralogy is also used in crime detection. The mineralogist studies soil, plaster, cement, brick, concrete, and glass for any evidence. Mineral analyses have shown that differences may be detected in soil composition. Soil and dust found on a suspect's clothing and determined to be comparable to that at the crime scene help to prove the person's presence in that locality. Toxicology may be defined as the science of poisons special methods of analytical chemistry have been developed for use in toxicological examinations. The specimens ordinarily examined in cases of suspected poisoning are tissue samples from vital organs, blood or urine, food, drink, and the suspected poison itself. Firearms are identified through microscopic imperfections that are produced inadvertently in gun barrels during manufacture. Subsequent use and wear contribute further to a weapon's individuality. Chain of Custody is of paramount importance to any investigation. It is the unbroken sequence of events that is caused by an item of evidence from the time it is found at the crime scene to the time it appears in court. Every link in this chain is documented, from discovery at the crime scene, through evidence gathering, storage, and lab analysis return to storage, and transfer to court. Every link is documented by date, time, and handling individual, what was done with the evidence by that individual. If chain of custody is broken, if the evidence cannot be accounted in one step of its journey from crime scene to courtroom, it is rendered inadmissible; useless to the case. Blood spatters help a great deal in reconstructing a crime scene. They can be used to corroborate or disprove and alibi. They can be used to convict the guilty. There is much more to it than looking at a stain or spatter and saying, "This is where the crime took place." The patterns of the spatters and the shapes of the individual blood droplets themselves can tell how the crime was committed. Drops falling from different heights (i.e. at different speeds) will leave different looking spatters. A drop falling from a low height of a few inches will leave a small cohesive circle. At greater heights, the circle will be larger and may even have a 'crown' effect. Hitting a surface at an angle does even more to disrupt a blood droplet. Perpendicular impact

How to Remove Ball Point Pen Ink

How to Remove Ball Point Pen Ink Ballpoint pen ink is not something that you can usually remove with simple soap and water, but there is an easy and inexpensive way to remove pen ink from surfaces or clothing. Materials You Will Need to Remove Pen Ink You can use any of a number of common household chemicals to lift away ink. The best of these is alcohol, because it dissolves pigments that are soluble in both water and organic solvents and because its gentle enough that it wont discolor or damage most fabrics. Rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol)Shaving cream (if the alcohol doesnt remove the ink)Hairspray (if neither the alcohol nor shaving cream works)Non-flammable dry cleaning fluid (another option) Ink Removal Instructions Dab rubbing alcohol onto the ink.Allow a couple of minutes for the alcohol to penetrate the surface and react with the ink.Blot the ink stain using layers of white paper towels or a cloth that has been dampened in either alcohol or water.If the alcohol is ineffective, try using foaming shaving cream.If the shaving cream doesnt work, hairspray usually will remove ink, but it should only be used as a last resort because hairspray damages some surfaces and fabrics.A non-flammable dry cleaning fluid may remove certain inks. If you use dry cleaning fluid to remove a stain, rinse the area with water afterward. Gel ink pens use an ink that is made to be permanent. Alcohol will not remove gel ink, nor will acid. Sometimes it is possible to wear away gel ink using an eraser. Ink stains in wood usually involve gouges in the wood, which makes it harder to get to the ink. Be sure to remove all traces of alcohol from the wood after the ink has been removed, rinse the affected area with water, and condition the wood to help reverse the drying effects of the alcohol. Why Ballpoint Ink is So Hard to Remove The reason ballpoint pen ink is so tricky to remove is its chemical composition. Ballpoint pens and felt-tip markers consist of pigments and dyes suspended in water and organic solvents, which may include toluene, glyco-ethers, propylene glycol, and propyl alcohol. Other ingredients may be added to help the ink flow or stick to the page, such as resins, wetting agents, and preservatives. Basically, removing the ink requires a solvent that works with both polar (water) and nonpolar (organic) molecules. Because of the nature of the ink, its important to remove the stain before dry cleaning, because the solvents used in the process can release the stain and spread it to other parts of the fabric.

With reference to two areas of knowledge discuss the ways in which Essay

With reference to two areas of knowledge discuss the ways in which shared knowledge can shape personal knowledge - Essay Example The question of how personal knowledge can effectively have an influence on shared knowledge can be answered through a careful observation of the structure of both subjects. It is first however crucial to understand what shared knowledge is as well as its relationship to personal knowledge. Shared knowledge can be described as the collective knowledge of a society with regards to both standardized and overall subjects that affect individuals as a group. It can be seen as shared opinions between a group or groups of people that are usually held as a collective belief. This shared knowledge is normally passed on from generation to generation and thus become a popular point of view over a period (Lagemaat 54). They are, however, subject to change under various circumstances that would affect the society’s views as a whole. These circumstances may be caused by an individual(s) actions, or events that take place in a society completely rocking the fabrication of a previous notion. It can be argued that shared knowledge does in fact effectively affect the personal knowledge that develops in an individual. This is due to the rise and development of both matters and their effect on society. Shared knowledge can be seen as the foundation of the initial societal information that is passed on to an individual. From this shared knowledge and a collection of personal experiences, an individual is thus able to gradually develop their opinions. The fact remains that shared knowledge is indeed the first informational encounter that an individual experiences, and thus cannot be negated from the equation forming an individual’s personal knowledge (Heydon and Jesudason 13). A good example supporting this hypothesis would be the learning curve of a child since birth. When one is brought into the world, their primary source of knowledge is their guardians. Their guardians in turn retrieve their information form what can be seen as